Faʻamatalaga o ituaiga ma fesoasoani mo le tausiga o perennial primroses

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Primrose, mai le Latina Primus (muamua), e taʻua foi o le Primrose, talu ai na latou fuga mai i totonu o uluaʻi fugalaʻau i le amataga o le tautotogo, ae oʻo lava i le kiona e leʻi liu suavai uma.

Latou ola tuputupu aʻe i Asia, Sisifo Saina ma le Himalayas (300 ituaiga), o totoe i Europa, Lusia, Transcaucasia (33 ituaiga). E fiafia i nofoaga susu, ae ma le eleele mama: laufanua, auvai o faatanoa, vaitafe ma vaitafe vaitafe. Faitau e uiga i ituaiga o lenei matagofie fugalaʻau, ona aoga meatotino ma faʻaaoga i le tusitusiga.

Ituaiga ma faʻamatalaga

MANATUNATUGA: Meaola muamua lava perennial primrose ituaiga, laʻititi masani taʻateleina ma taʻitasi tausaga herbs. Fugalaʻau e nofo toʻatasi pe aoina i pyramidal, spherical, cushion, tiered (candelabra), carpal (bell-shaped) ma umbellate inflorescences.

Aluga... Fugalaʻau o nei ituaiga e tuʻua na o tamaʻi tamaʻi ala, e oso aʻe i luga aʻe o lau o lau.
Faʻamau... Fugalaʻau e aoina i le tasi-itu poʻo le faʻamalu faamalu i luga o le tasi peduncle.
Laumua (soʻo)... Mafiafia capitate inflorescences.
Longline (tuugalamepa)... Fuafua i nisi o vaega.
Bell-foliga... Fugalaʻau o fugalaʻau pe tautau fugalaʻau.

E tusa ai ma le faʻavasegaga o le Royal Society of Gardeners o Great Britain, e 3 togalaʻau kulupu o primroses:

Candelabra (tiered)
Auricula (auricular). I le isi itu, ua vaevaeina i latou i alpine (fafo), tuaoi (moega fugalaʻau), faʻaaliga (potated).
Primrose-polyanthus.

Lalo o se laulau o ituaiga ma se faʻamatalaga.

Muamua ituaiga	Faʻamatalaga	Amataga
Taliga (taliga o urosa, auricula)	Pepe ma mafiafia spatulate bluishcent lau laʻau. O le foliga o laulaʻau e ovoid, o le poʻo e 5-20 cm le umi. I le faaiuga o loʻo i ai 6-7 samasama, paʻepaʻe, Vaioleti poʻo fugalaʻau fugalaʻau.	I atumauga o Tutotonu Europa, i Sisifo o atumauga
Obkonika (fesuiaʻi conical)	Fasi laau toto ma fugalaʻau lapoʻa. O fugalaʻau e sesega lilac ma se mata samasama ma fai umbellate inflorescences.	Vao i Saina
Liki-nifo (nifo)	Aapa i le 30 cm le uumi ma le lautele. O laulaau e lautele, oblong-oval, 20-40 cm le umi, serrated i pito, maanuminumi. Fugalaʻau (1.5 cm) lanu viole, lilac, o nisi taimi mumu, paʻepaʻe.	Mauga o Sautesasae o Asia, Himalayas, Saina ma Indochina
Le mautonu (masani)	Fugalaʻau i luga o puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu 6-10 cm, laulaʻau lanumeamata, maanuminumi, tootoo i pito. O foliga o laulaʻau e faʻatafafa-faaumiumi, lanceolate, 5-25 cm le umi ma 2–4 cm le lautele.O fugalaau e tasi, moli samasama pe papaʻe ma o latou faai samasama pupula.	Carpathians, Transcaucasia, Western Europe, Algeria, Middle East
Terry Rosanna	Laʻau paʻu paʻu e iai ona uaua faʻaletonu. O fugalaʻau e lapoʻa (3-4 cm), piniki. Maualuga 10-15 cm Muamua fugalaʻau.	Tutotonu Europa, Carpathians
Po (afiafi)	Laʻau faʻafomaʻi biennial 50 cm maualuga, elongated lanceolate tuua 25 cm le umi.O fugalaʻau e samasama tuʻua.	Amerika i Matu
Vialya (orchid)	Candelabra multi-tiered view ma moligaʻo-lanu viole lanu viole.	Himalayas, Tibet, Saina i Sisifo
Candelabra	Perennial e oʻo i le 60 cm le maualuga ma lautele. Laʻau tetele e oʻo i le 22 cm le umi. Laʻititi (e oʻo i le 2 cm) samasama-moli poʻo le piniki-mumu fugalaʻau e aoina i inflorescences o 8-16 fasi.	Mai le susū vaega maugā o Saina
Siebold	30 cm maualuga, 45 cm lautele. Tuua 20 cm. Fugalaʻau mai le lilac-viole i le toeititi paʻepaʻe e aoina i umbellate inflorescences o 15 pcs. A maeʻa ona fuga, e mamate laulaʻau.	Iapani
Polyanthus (tele-fugalaʻau, Victorian)	Biennial. Maualuga 20-30 cm O fugalaʻau tetele e aoina i totonu o inflorescences o 5-15 fasi, lua-lanu ma se mata susulu.	Transcaucasia, Ural, Iran
Iapani	O le maualuga ma le lautele e tusa ma le 45 cm, e oʻo atu i le 25 cm. O fugalaʻau e laʻititi (2 cm) mai le mumu-lanu viole i le paʻepaʻe, e aoina i 5-25 fasi i 1-6 curls.	Mai itū susu o Iapani
Piniki	Deciduous rosette tumau. O le maualuga ma le lautele 20 cm, lau e oʻo i le 20 cm, fugalaʻau (2.5 cm) piniki-mumu ma le mata samasama o loʻo aoina i inflorescences o 4-12 fasi.	Afghanistan, Nepal
Cortex	O le maualuga ma le lautele 20-30 cm, tuua 9 cm Fugalaʻau (2 cm) matagofie, logo-foliga, piniki-mumu, piniki, mumu-Vaioleti, e aoina i inflorescences o 15 fasi.	Mai togavao o Siberia i Sasaʻe ma Europa, i vanu paolo, i tafatafa o vaitafe ma vaitafe.
Danessa	Faasino i ituaiga leai ni lala. O fugalaʻau lapoʻa e faʻaputuputuina i totonu o le mafiafia o felavasaʻi. O laulaʻau e faʻataʻamilomilo-umi.	Europa i Sisifo ma Tutotonu, Carpathians
Mealy (sausau)	I luga o laulaʻau, aemaise i lalo, o loʻo tele le fuga papaʻe. Laʻau maualuga 15-20 cm, spatulate-lanceolate laʻau e oʻo atu i le 8 cm le umi, nifo i pito. Fugalaʻau (1 cm) susulu poʻo le pogisa lilac ma le mata samasama e aoina i totonu o inflorescences.	Asia
Fuga-tele (tele-ipu)	15-35 cm le maualuga, o laulaʻau e vave ona aulia, oblong-ovate ma implicit denticles. O le umi o laulaʻau e oʻo atu i le 15 cm, o le lautele e 2-6 cm O fugalaʻau foliga e pei o le logo e samasama samasama ma le moli moli, e aoina i le 6-20 fasi i le inflorescence, lea e lilifa atu i le tasi itu.	Siberia i Sisifo ma Sasaʻe, Transcaucasia, Northern Iran
Bissa	Perennial e oʻo i le 60 cm maualuga ma lautele. Laʻititi (e oʻo i le 2 cm) lanu viole poʻo le piniki-mumu fugalaʻau e aoina i totonu o inflorescences o 8-16 fasi.	Mai Saina
Bulley	Tutusa ma primrose Bissa, ituaiga tiered, maualuga ma le lautele 60 cm, tuua i luga i le 30 cm Fugalaʻau mai kulimi i moli, 5 fasi i 5-7 curls.	Mai itulagi maugā o Saina
Lauulu	Evergreen primrose oo i le 10 cm maualuga, 25 cm le lautele, tuua 8 cm. Fugalaʻau (1.5-2.5 cm) mauve ma se paʻepaʻe mata e aoina i umbellate inflorescences o 10-15 fasi.	Pyrenees, atumauga
Florinda	Deciduous rosette primrose. 120 cm maualuga, 90 cm lautele, lau 45 cm. Kulimi kulimi, fugalaʻau fugalaʻau e aoina i drooping inflorescences.	Tibet i Sautesasae
Maualuga	Maualuga 10-40 cm, maanuminumi oval lau 5-15 cm le umi, 2-6 cm lautele, pubescent. Fugalaʻau samasama samasama (9-15 mm) e aoina i umbellate inflorescences o 10-30 fasi.	North Europe, Carpathians, Transcaucasia, saute o Siberia

Se ata

Vaʻai i le ata o le taliga muamua.

Lenei o le ata o le Iapani primrose.

Ole mea lea e pei ole spherical primrose variety e pei o le ata.

Le isi ata o le obkonik primrose.

Lenei ata faʻaalia afiafi afiafi.

O le isi o se ata o le nifo-nifo primrose.

Ma vaʻai foʻi i le ata o le terry primrose.

Lalo o se ata o le papaʻe primrose.

Aoga aoga o tumau

Primrose greens e mauoa i ascorbic acid, carotene ma suauʻu manaʻomia. O latou laʻau e faʻaopopoina i supo ma fai ma salati. O aʻa ma laulaʻau mago e faʻaopopoina i le mea vela. Decoctions mai laulaʻau ma infusions mai rhizome o loʻo faʻaaogaina i tagata vailaʻau:

Expectorant mo faʻamaʻi o le pito i luga respiratory tract.
Paʻu tiga mo rumatika.
Diuretic mo faamai o le fatugao.
Mo ulu ulu, neuro ma le le mautonu.
Mo resorption o manua, hematomas.

Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le decoction o le pauta primrose o loʻo faʻaaogaina i vailaʻau masani a le tagata mo le dermatitis ma le faʻaleleia atili o lauulu. Cortex e faʻaaogaina o se expectorant ma tiga faʻamafanafanaina. Decoctions o lenei ituaiga fesoasoani i epilepsy, tutuli ma le le malamalama. O le rhizome o lapo-ipu primrose e faʻaaogaina o se expectorant; vitamini C e maua mai fugalaʻau ma laulaʻau.

Talosaga mo curbs, moega fugalaʻau, moega fugalaʻau

Fesoasoani: Primrose o se eleele faʻatoʻaga laʻau o le a ofi lelei i totonu o felanulanuaʻie fugalaʻau (mixborder) o maualalo perennial laʻau. O ona lauolaola lauolaola o le a foliga lelei i curbs.

Auricula (taliga-foliga) ma pubescent lau e sili ona faigata ma unpretentious, atoatoa mo alpine maupuepue ma papa togalaau, rosa togalaau. O ituaiga ma ituaiga o lenei laʻau e matua eseese lava oe mafai ona fausia se atoa-togalaau-togalaau na mai primroses - primularia.

Lelei-nifo e lautele faʻaaogaina i togalaau ma paka pei o se 'autafa laau, i fugalaʻau moega, alpine faasolosolo, i kulupu i luga o mutia. O le Primrose hybrids e lelei mo fua o faʻatoʻaga.

E tipi ese le maualuga o ituaiga primrose. E lauolaola mea e le masani ai ma faʻamamaina, ae e puʻupuʻu, e tutupu faʻatasi i le taʻi lua tausaga. Latou te totoina i autafa o vai vai, vaitafe, luga o paolo atumauga maualuluga ma papa (o pupula fugalaʻau foliga sili atu i le talaʻaga o otaota ma maamaa).

Tele-ipu photophilous ma o loʻo maua i matutu mauga maupuʻepuʻe... E talafeagai mo 'autafa, tumutumu, teuteu vao, faʻamalosia.

Lūlū fatu

A tupu le primrose mai fatu, e sili le totoina o le fugalaʻau e le o le taimi nei i le eleele, ae ma fatu totō i totonu o fale vevela tulaga. O le luluina o fatu e tatau ona amata e leʻo sili atu i le Fepuari, talu ai o le primrose e umi se taimi e ola ai, e tupu lemu, ma e manaʻomia e fatu le faʻamalosia o togafitiga (malulu togafitiga) e oʻo lava i le luluina.

Stratification tumau 10-25 aso i le maualalo, ae lelei vevela (pusaaisa, poletito, potu i lalo). O le faʻatupuina o fatu e tupu seʻia oʻo i le amataga ona aliali mai i le 25-30 aso i le vevela o le 12-18 ° °.

A maeʻa ona vaʻai muamua laulaʻau 2-3, ona feemo lea o laʻau ma totoina i totonu o ulo eseese. I eleele matala, o le matutua matala e totoina pe a uma le amataga o le mautu vevela. E fautuaina le totoina o fualaʻau eseese i le tausaga lona lua o le olaga i le faaiuga o Me.

Na matou talanoa e uiga i uiga eseʻese o le totoina o le primrose i le fale ma le togalaʻau, faʻapea foi ma le tausiga ma le galueaina i lenei tusitusiga.

Tausiga i le togalaau

Primula e nofouta i tulaga lelei o le taofia, tali atu ma le sili atu saturated paolo o fugalaʻau, lapoʻa tele, tele ma le umi o le fugalaau. I le amataga o le tautotogo ma agai atu i le faaiuga o le taumafanafana, o laau e fafagaina i meaola fetilaisa, humus.

Aua le soona faʻaaogaina vaega o le nitrogen, a leai o le a tupu tele laulaʻau, ma oe ono le faʻatali mo fugalaʻau. Tuʻuina atu le maualuga faʻasūsū i le vaitaimi o fugalaʻau (Me-Iuni). O le eleele e tatau ona susu ma faʻamamago, aua neʻi galo e faʻamalu pe a faʻasusu.

Ma, i le vaitaimi o le le moe (Iulai-Aukuso), latou te mautinoa o le lalolagi e le matutu. I le faaiuga o Aukuso, amata ona toe tupu le primrose ma manaʻomia faʻasusu. A maeʻa ona fugalaʻau, e faʻasolosolo ona lau.

A o sauni le primrose mo le taumalulu, varietal laau, e pei o le laʻititi malosi ma sili atu ona faigata, e ufiufi i laulaʻau ma sausau ma mago nutritious mulch i aʻa. Tuʻu laulaʻau mo le taumalulu e puipuia ai i latou mai le malulu, ma i le tautotogo, mafai ona tipi ese laʻau tuai ua soʻona. Ma, foliga o le tupuolaola muamua:

Latou te mananaʻo faʻalelei paolo.
Lelei-faʻamamaina, humus-mauʻoa palapala.
Le lāmala
Latou te manaʻomia le fevaevaeai masani o le togavao ma taotoga.
Ole faʻamautuina ole vai ile eleele faʻatasi male hypothermia e leaga tele.

Oe mafai ona maua faʻamatalaga auiliili mo le tausiga o primrose i le fale ma i le togalaau iinei.

Fetuunaiga o fugalaʻau

E manaʻomia se taotoga i tausaga uma e 3-4, ma faʻalua ituaiga i taʻilua tausaga. Latou te le taliaina le avanoa i le va o latou, pe a tuiina, ia manatua o laulaʻau o nofoaga tuaoi e tatau ona paʻi i ai, e tatau ona tapunia le totoina. Laʻititi ituaiga e totoina i le mamao o le 15-20 cm mai le tasi ma le isi, o laʻau tetele e 20-30 cm.

E sili le ola a le Primrose i le paolo o togalaau laʻau ma laʻau, 'alo ese mai le susulu o le la.... Pau lava le tuusaunoa o ituaiga alpine. E sili ia ia le malamalama, susulu-susu faʻafefeteina le eleele ma lelei permeability, lea o le a le vai stagnate.

Taua: Afai e mamafa le palapala, faʻataʻitaʻiga o le omea, faʻaopopo le oneone, humus, faʻalaʻau laupepa ma le limulimu (poʻo le peat). E sili le faʻaputuga palapala.

E mafai ona e faitau e uiga i le tanuina ma totoina primroses i le tautoulu o a matou mea.

Toe gaosia

E faʻasalalau e le Primrose le fatu, vaeluaina o laʻau, ma laulaau mata.

A vaeluaina e laʻau i le faʻaiuga o Aukuso po o le amataga o Setema, o se matua (uterine) laʻau e ave i le 4-5 tausaga le matua.

E faʻasūsū tele, 'eli ese le palapala ma lūlūina aʻa. Latou vaevaeina aʻa i le tele o vaega ma se maai naifi, sausau vaega ma faʻagaoioia carbon po o le lefulefu ma vave totoina i latou i ni togafiti fou

Afai o le laʻau e naʻo le tasi le alualu i luma, oe mafai ona faʻasalalauina ia i le axillary shoots.... O se laupepa muamua ma se petiole ma se laulaʻau e vavaeʻese mai le matua laʻau, o le lau e tipiina i le afa ma totoina i ni sauniuniga lelei, feololo susu ma lauʻeleʻele palapala.

O le au e faʻatupuina i le vevela o le 16-18 ° C i se nofoaga susulu, ae aunoa ma le susulu o le la. A oso mai laʻau ma 3-4 laulaʻau mai le laʻau, e mafai ona toe toto i totonu o ulo eseese ma totoina i le eleele tatala i le tautotogo.

Faʻasalalau e fatu e fai lava si mamafa, e manaʻomia muamua togafitiga malulu (stratification) i totonu ole 3-4 vaiaso. Ona fatu lea o fatu mo le 30 aso i le maualalo o le vevela o le 12-18 ° C.

A uma ona aliali mai laulaʻau muamua, ona totō lea o lala ma totō i totonu o ulo mo le totoina o ni fatu malosi (mo nisi faʻamatalaga i le faʻafefea ma le taimi e totō ai le primrose, faʻapea foi ona totō ma faʻapipiʻi se fugalaʻau, faitau iinei I eleele matala, e toto ai fatu i le isi tausaga.

O le Primrose o le a avea ma se faʻaola moni mo lau togalaʻau pe a fai e le mimita i le la. O le ituaiga o lenei primrose e matua lanu ma eseese e mafai ona e fausiaina se mono-togalaʻau, aofia atoa ai na o nei fugalaʻau - primoires.

Matamata i se vitio e uiga i ituaiga o primrose, tuputupu aʻe, toe gaosia ma ona aoga aoga:

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